Internal-combustion engine.



No. 877,500. PATENTED JAN. 28, 1908. A. H. GOLDINGHAM.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 14.1906.

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INTERNAL O0 MBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 14,1906.

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ATTORN EY No. 877,500. PATENTED JAN. 28, 1908.

A. H. GOLDINGHAM.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 14,1906.

3 SHEETSSHEET 8.

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. U TEDSTATES .PATN

A THUB H.- GOLDINGHAM, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ssmNoE TO DE LA vEEGNE MACHINE COMPANY, O NEW YORK, N. Y., A [CORPORATION OF NEW YoRK.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

' T 0 all whom 'it may-c0ncern.'

Be it known that I, ARTHUR H. GOLDING- HAM, a subject of Great Britain, residin in the borough of Manhattan, city of ew York,- in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and vto that type of the last named engines in 'which the oil is introduced into and vapo-.

rized in and the'vapor ignited in a chamber separate from the working cylinder, but communicating freely therewith. through a coritracted assage or neck, air being admitted separate y to the cylinder, and a combustible mlxture being formed only when compres-,

sion takes place and the air from the cylinder is thereby forced into "the chamber. type of engine ignitiontakes place as a result I of compression and of the heat of combustion retained by the walls of the chamber.

The objects of my invention, broadly stated, are economy, efficienoy,,convenience and reliability of operation.

More specifically stated, the principal object of my present invention is to secure more nearly perfect combustion. More complete combustionenables heavier oils to be.

employed as fuel than heretofore, and also results in increased economy, whatever kind of'fuel is employed. Also, the deposit of carbonaceous material in the combustion chamber is reduced; whether heavier or li hter oils are used, .so that cleaning is re D quired much less frequently.

Other objects and advantages will hereinafter ap ear. I Broa ly considered, my invention includes means for introducing air in'a novel manner into thev combustion chamber, where it is mixed with theva' or prior. to ignition, the quantity of air t us introduced being sufficient to secure the desired result of more complete combustion, and air also being admitted directly into the cylinder,-and igni Specification of Letters Patent. Application filed November-14.1906. Serial No. 34,332

In this Patented Jan. 28, 1908.

tion depending upon the com ression of the contents'of the cylinder and t e'combustion chamber. I 'More specifically my invention comprises, the combination with-a chamber such as above described, of a spraying nozzle open- .ing into the combined vaporizin and combustion chamber,- oil being supp 'ed to the nozzle by a pump, and air under pressure being also supplied to the nozzle and effecting a better spraying of the oil and a dilution of its vapor in the combined vaporizing and combustlon chamber.

.The particular embodiment of my invention illustrated will now be described by reference to the accompanying drawings, after which I will point out my invention in claims.

Figure 1 is a plan view of an oil en ine embodying the present invention, the cy inder, valve-chest and va orizing chamber being shown in horizontal section, and the engine being shown as coupled to an air compressor. Fig. 2 is a side'elevation, on a slightly enlarged scale, of the head end of the engine. Fig. 3 is an end elevation, lookving toward the head end of the mine,

portions of the cylinder and valve-c est being broken away so as to show the air inlet valve for the cylinder. Fig. 4 is a considerably enlarged longitudinal sectional elevation of the nozzle. employed for introducing oil and air into thevaporizing chamber. Fi 5 isa section taken on the line 55 of 4 as viewed from the right, and

shows bot the oil and air-inlets for the nozzle. Fig. 6 is a section taken on the line. 6-6 of Fig. 4 as viewed from the right.

' The drawings illustrate the type of engine known as the Hornsb -Akroy oil engine and disclose one embo 'ment of my invention as incorporated in the construction of such engine. The en ine has a Workin cylinder 11 and a com ined va orizer an combustion chamber 12 attac ed to the head end of the cylinder and opening freely into the cylinder through a neck or 'contracted passage 13. The vaporizer is show-no as provided with a projection 15 in which is formed a hand-hole throughwhich the interior 'of the vaporizer may be cleaned when necessary, this handhole being closed by a cover 14. The cylinder is proyided;

with;,a working piston 16 and the I suction stroke of this piston, the engine shown being of the four-cycle type, air is drawn into the cylinder through a port 17,

1 its seat by a spring 20' and is held open urpressed air that is introduced into the vapoing the suction stroke of the working piston by a lever 21 acted upon by a cam 22 carried by a cam-shaft 23 driven by the engine crank shaft 24 in the usual manner. Also, during the suction stroke of the working piston, oil is introduced into, the vaporizer 12, and in the air is also introduced into t e vaporizer during the suction stroke .of the piston 16. In the embodiment of the invention illustrated both the oil and air are introduced into the vaporizer through the fuel inlet consisting of a spraying nozzle,.the delivery tube 32 of which passes obliquely throu the wall of the vaporizer, oil being supp 'ed to the spraying nozzle through a pi e 26 leading from an oil-pum 27, and the atter receives oil through an oi su ply pipe 28. Air under pressure is supplie to the spraying nozzle through a pipe 29leading from an air container 30, which receives its supply from an air'compressor 31, shown in this instance as coupled to and driven by the engine shaft 24.

It should be understood that the comrizing chamber 12 may come from any convenient source, such source being either dependent upon the engine, as shown, .or entirely independent thereof.

The spraying'nozzle, through which, in the embodiment of the invention illustrated, both oil and air are introduced into the vaporizer 12, includes the delivery tube 32 havin a spray or delivery opening 33 controlle by a needle-valve 34. The valve 34 has. a stem 35 passing back through the delivery tube 32 and then through a packing gland 36, the outer end of the valve-stem having a center-bearing in as ring-engaging thimble 37. To normally ho d the valve 34 closed a coiled expansion s rin 38 is pro- 'vided and acts between the t im le 37 and a second thimble 39, the latter acting as an abutment. The thimble 39 is held in place and the spring 38 rendered adjustable as to its tension by a bearing screw 40., supported in a cap or end cover 41 shown as secured to a casing 42 by studs 43, the casing 42 in turn being supported upon the sleeve 32 by means of bolts 44-passin therethrough and through lugs 45 on the de ivery tube 32.

For thoroughly mixing the oil and the air,

thus producing a better spraying effect, a

tortuous passage is provided for the air and oil within the delivery tube 32. The tortuous passage is formed by a core 46-fitting nular grooves 47 which are connected with within the tube 32 and provided with aneach other alternately on opposite sides by resent invention notches 48. The core 46 is supported between the end of the tube 32 adjacent to the delivery opening33 and the inner end of the cup or sleeve of the packing gland 36, .an

outlet space being provided between the end of the delivery tube 32,- and the end of the core 46 by spacing legs 49 carried by' the core.

Oil enters the nozzle through an oil-inlet 50 to which is connected the oil-pipe 26. Compressed air enters the nozzle through an air inlet 51 to which is connected the air-fpipe 29. To guardagainst any possibility 0 oil, or the products of combustion at the time of exploslon, escaping through the air-inlet 51, a back-pressure or check valve 52 is provided in the air-inlet, this back-pressure valve 52 53 acting upon its stem 43. The valve stem 54 is shown as protected by a screw coverca 55.

- en the nozzle-controlling valve 34- is closed, as shown in Fig. 4, it is evident that being normally held upon its seat by a spring neither oil fromthe pipe 26 nor air from the operated while the valve 34 is open, oil will be sprayed into the vaporizer, but will only be thus sprayed while the pump is being operated.

In the embodiment'of the invention illustrated, air and oil are injected into the vaporizer only during the suction stroke of the working piston 16, the air being injected throughout such suction stroke and the oil only during a portion thereof, the first portion of such stroke. Therefore, means-are provided for holding the nozzle-controlling valve 34 0 en throughout the suction stroke of the wor ing piston 16, and alsofor o erat ing the oil-pump [at the beginning 0 such stroke. Such means comprise a bell-crank lever 56 pivoted in the casing 42 on a pin 57 and having a forked arm 58 engaging with a bearing plate or washer 59 upon the valve stem 35. The plate 59 is adjustable by nuts 60 on the valve stem to vary the extent to which the valve 34 is opened. The lever 56 i is actuated by a pin 61 guided in a sleeve 62 formin an extension from the delivery tube 32. T e pin,61 is acted upon by a lever 63 shown as ivoted at 64 upon a bracket .65 extended mm the cylinder 11. The lever 63 is shown as actuated by a cam 66 carried by the cam-shaft 23. ,The bracket 65 forms bearings at 67, for the shaft 23, and also is shown as having a forked extension 68 forming nozzle.

ing ,a support for the casing 42 of the spray- The lever 21 for. actuating the air-inlet valve 18, for admitting air to the cylinder 11, is shownas fulcrumed upon a pivot pin 69 supported by a bearing bracket 70, and.

' The nozzle-controlling lever 63, the exhaustvalve-actuating lever and the air-inlet valve-actuating lever 21, for admitting air to the cylinder, are shown as provided, respectively, with antifriction rollers 77,

78 and 79, to be engaged by the respective,

cams 68, 73 and 67. The cams are relatively disposed around the shaft 23 so as to actuate the corresponding levers at proper times.

The cylinder air-inlet valve 18 and the vaporizer nozzle-controlling valve 34 are both simultaneously opened and held open substantially throughout the suction stroke of, the working piston 11. The relative positions of the various parts when these two valves are open are illustrated in Figs.

2 and3, these views corresponding to about the middle of the suction stroke, as may be readily understood by the middle position of the cam 22 upon the roller 79 of the lever 21 which actuates the cylinder air-inlet valve 18. This is best seen in Fig. 3. The simultaneous operation of the nozzle-con trolling valve 34, which admits air under pressure to the vaporizer, is also made apparent by the middle position of. the cam 66 upon roller 77 of the lever 63. Whenever the valve 34 is held open air will freely flow under pressure from the air-receiver 30 and lie injected into the vaporizer 12. through opening 33, at the tip of the nozzlev delivery-tube 32; and when the valve 18 is held open, atmospheric air will be drawn into the cylinder 16 through the pipe 19 and port 17.

The oil pump 27 is operated simultaneusly with the opening of" the two inlet valves 18- and, 34. ,The' mechanism for actuating the oil-pump at the proper time,

comprises in combination with its plunger rod 80, a' bearing plate 81 carried by the air-valve lever 21 and bearing upon the end of the plunger rod-80 to give it a' Working stroke into the oil-pump cylinder 27. The

plunger 80 is shown as operated in the opposite or return direction by a compressi'on-spring 81 acting on an extension 82 of the plunger 80-and guided in an extension 83 from the bracket 65, simultaneous move ment'of the plunger 80 and lever 21- being inlet 51 and air-check-valve 52.

.duce

assured by reasonof' an offset 84 upon the extension 82 and engaging the upper face of the lever 21. g

It is apparent that the-plunger 80 is given its Working stroke simultaneously with the opening of the inlet valves 18 and 34, such movement being imparted directly by the lever 21 as it opens the valve 18'. As the cylinder-inlet valve 18 is opened at the beginning of the suction stroke of the engine,

the oil-pump is therefore operated to deliver oil during the first part of such s trokeof the engine, the oil being forced into the oil-inlet 50 of the spraying nozzle. As the nozzlecontrolling valve 34 is at this time open, the oil will be sprayed into the vaporizer 12 by the combined action'of the oil-pump and of .valve 1 8. it is further evident that, as thev nozzle-controlling valve 34 will continue .to remain open throughout the suction stroke of the engine, as before explained, air will continue to be injected into the va orizer after the spray of oil has ceased. his air will mix with and further dilute the oil vapor contained within the vaporizer. It should be understood that the air'introduced into the vaporizer is not sufficient in quantity to produce a combustible mixture when mixed with the oil vapor, thus 0bviating the danger of premature ignition. A combustible mixture is formed only when the air in the cylinder 11, which has entered through the port 17 and valve 18, is forced into the vaporizer 12 by the compression stroke of the piston 16. Ignition then takes place from the heat of the walls of the vaporizer su plemented by the heat .of compression. Ieat may be applied to the outside of the vaporizer for starting the engine, after which'the heat of combustion therein will be amply sufficient. The combustible mixture is improved by the air which has been introdirectly into the vaporizen and thoroughly mixed with the vapor, so that combustion is rendered more complete. Also, the compressed air thusintroduced directly into the vaporizer has a cooling effect upon the vaporizer which is of advantage, as the va orizers tend to become too hot.

t is obvious that various modifications may be made in the construction shown and above particularly describedwithin the principle and scope of my-inv'ention'.

I claim: 1. In an internal combustion engine, the

i the suction stroke of the piston:

combination of a Working cylinder, a piston therein, an air-inlet for the cylinder, 'a valporizer communicating directly with the cy der by a eontracted assage always open, means for introducing uel into the vaporizer during the first'part of the su'ctionstroke of 4 the p1ston,'-and means for introducing air a in the cylinder, an air-inlet valve for the.

- of the engine into the vaporizer substantiallythroughout the suction stroke of the piston.

'2. In an internal 'combustion engine, the Combination of a working cylinder, a piston therein, an air-inlet for the cylinder, a va' 0- I rizer communicating directly with the cy inder by a contracted passage always open, and means for introducing a mixture of fuel and air into the vaporizer during the first art of the suction stroke of the piston and or continuing the introduction of air substantially throughout the suction stroke.

3; In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a working cylinder, a piston cylinder, means operated by a moving part of theengine for holding the valve open during the suction stroke of the piston, a vaporizer communicating directly with the cylinder, a combined fuel and air inlet valve for the vaporizer, and means operated by a moving part of the engine for holding the last named valve open during substantially the whole suction stroke. ofthe piston.

4. In an internal combustion engine, the

combination of a Working cylinder, a'piston in the cylinder, an air-inlet valve for, the cylinder, means operated bya moving part for holding the valve open during the suction stroke of the piston, a va 0- rizer communicating directly with the cy inder by a contracted passage always open, a

spraying nozzle opening into the vaporizer, means for supplying fuel to the nozzle, means 5 for supplying air under pressure to the nozzle,

a valve controlling the nozzle, and means operated by a moving part of the engine for holding thelast named valve open during 5." In aninternaljcombustlon engine, the combination of a Working cylinder, a piston in the cylinder, an ai -1nlet .valve for the A to 4 rizer communicating directly with the cy der acontract ed passage always open, a

' I means for sjup lying'fue cylinder, means operated-byfa moving part oft-he engine for holding the valve open during the suctionistrokje of the piston, avapo spray ngnozzle .openin Into the vaporizer, to the nozzle during aportion of t e suction stroke of thepiston,

means for supplying air under continuous pressure to the nozzle, a valve controlling the nozzle, and means 0 erated 'part of the engine for ii I by a moving olding the last name valve open during the suction stroke of the piston.

.stan'tia'hy throughout t derby a contracted passage spraying nozzle opening into the vaporizeran internal combustion engine, the.

combination of a working cylinder, a piston in the cylinder, an air-inlet .valve for the cylinder, means operated by a moving part of the engine for holdin the valve open sube suction 'stroke'of the piston, a vaporizer communicating directly with the cylinder by a contracted passage "always open, a spraying nozzle opening into the vaporizer, a valve controlling the nozzle, means operated by a moving part of the engine for holding the last name valve open substantially throughout the suction stroke of the piston, .a pump for forcing fuel into and through the nozzle during a portion of the suction stroke of the-engine piston, a

fuel conduitfrom the pump to the nozzle, a.

source of compressed. air, an air conduit from sald source t9 the nozzle, and a back-pressure valve for the an condu1t..

7. In aninternal combustion engine, the combination of a workingcylinder,a piston vin the cylinder, an air-inlet valve for the cylinder, means operated by a moving part of the engine for holding the valve open substantially. throughout the suction stroke of the piston, a vaporizer communicating 'di rectly with the cylinder by a contracted passage always open, as raying nozzle 0 enin into the vaporizer an having a fuel i et' an an air inlet, an outwardly opening valve in the nozzle an controlling the outlet of the same into the chamber, a spring holding the Y valve on its seat, means operated by a moving part 'of'the engine for-holding the last named valve open substantially throughout 100 lying fuel to, the fuel inlet oft e nozzle during a portion of the suction stroke ofthe the suction stroke of the piston, a ump for supp engine plston, a. source of compressed air communicating with the air inlet of the nozzle, and a back-pressure valve in theair inlet of the nozzle.

8. Inanmternal combustion engine, the

combination of a working cylinder, a plston 'in the cylinder, an air-inlet valve for. the cylinder, means operated by a moving art of the engine for holding the valve open uring the suction stroke ---of the piston, ava 0-.

rizer communicating directly with the cy inalways open, a

means for supplying fuel to thenozzle, an means for supplying air under pressure to the nozzle,=the nozzle havin a tortuous passage thereln, whereby the oi and the an are 

